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Short answer is Blackbody radiation: this is the light given off when something gets hot.  For example the heating element on a stove glows red-orange when it is on high; the light bulb is the same thing, it is just hotter so the light is 'whiter'.

The filament in a lightbulb provides a demonstration of Blackbody radiation

What is black body radiation ?

Blackbody radiation refers to the spectrum of light emitted by any heated object; common examples include the heating element of a toaster and the filament of a light bulb.

The power being resisted in the filament makes the light bulb act as a black body radiator, as heat is being radiated off of the filament in the form of visible and invisible light.

The thermal radiation emitted from a black body is temperature dependent. The tungsten filament of a bulb approximates a black body radiation, and by increasing the current through the bulb, its temperature rises and so its color spectrum shifts to shorter wavelengths.

learn more about  black body radiation

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