Answer:
The first medieval guilds were established by artisans and merchants.
Explanation:
Guilds were associations that emerged in the Middle Ages, from the twelfth century, to regulate the professions and the craft production process in the cities.
In the eleventh century, trade became the richest layer of the urban community. In the face of the great threat posed by robber gangs, merchants and artisans organized into guilds, jointly bearing the costs of organizing travel and collecting goods, which diminished the risk associated with trade.
