The one way in which oil wealth has affected the nations of middle east is the oil-rich monarchies on the Persian Gulf become extremely wealthy.
This discovery turned out to be the first of many, eventually revealing the world's largest source of crude oil. For the king, oil revenue became an important source of wealth as he no longer had to rely on the proceeds of pilgrimages to Mecca. This discovery will forever change political relations in the Middle East.
Oil is trapped on the seabed by thick layers of salt. As the landmasses of the modern Middle East increased due to tectonic activity, the Tethys Ocean retreated. What remains in its place is the arid, sandy desert of the Middle East.
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