For a given material, the surface energy to be greater than the boundary energy.
Surface energy is higher than grain boundary energy because the atom-to-atom bonds at the surface are much weaker than those at the grain boundary. Additionally, the energy directly affects how many bonds are formed.
Or, to put it another way, the boundaries of surface-boundary atoms are more rigid than those of atoms at the grain boundary. As is well known, when there are no connections between the atoms, the energy surface rises. The surface energy thus vastly outweighs the boundary energy.
For a given material, the surface energy to be greater than the boundary energy.
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