The resonance hybrid explains why the c-c bond lengths in benzene are all the same. The c-c bond lengths are 139pm. c-c single bond 153 pm and a c-c double bond139 pm.
Bond length and bond order are related; the shorter the bond is when more electrons are involved in its production. A stronger bond will be shorter, all other things being equal. Bond strength and bond dissociation energy are both inversely related to bond length. The covalent radius is equal to half the bond distance in a bond between two identical atoms.
Bond lengths are estimated in the gas phase by microwave spectroscopy or determined in the solid phase using X-ray diffraction. Different molecules may have different types of bonds between a particular pair of atoms. For instance, methane and methyl chloride have distinct carbon-hydrogen bonds. However, when the fundamental structure is the same, generalizations are conceivable.
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