Because it left blacks without property and thus economically unable to defend their political rights.
What is Radical Reconstruction?
The harsh strategy used by Congress to deal with the defeated Confederacy was known as radical reconstruction. Republican-controlled Congress passed legislation that allowed the military to continue occupying the South with a veto-proof majority. The Freedman's Bureau was given the mission of empowering the Black community. When federal troops were eventually withdrawn from the South in 1877, radical Reconstruction ultimately failed.
The Radical Republicans' reconstruction program provided African-Americans with a number of new opportunities, including the possibility to vote (for men), own property, have access to education and legal protections, and even compete for public office. By the beginning of 1868, about 700,000 African Americans had signed up to vote.
Therefore, most historians today view radical reconstruction as a democratic experiment that failed because it left blacks without property and thus economically unable to defend their political rights.
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