Respuesta :
It also is believed that only certain kinds of stimuli and experiences will contribute to development of a phobia. Mowrer's original two-factor model suggests that people could be conditioned to be afraid of all types of stimuli.
But people with phobias tend to fear certain types of stimuli. Typically, people do not develop phobias of flowers, lambs, or lamp shades! But phobias of insects or other animals, natural environments, and blood are common.
As many as half of women report a fear of snakes; moreover, many different types of animals also fear snakes. Researchers have suggested that during the evolution of our species, people learned to react strongly to stimuli that could be life-threatening, such as heights, snakes, and angry humans.
That is, evolution may have "prepared" our fear circuit to learn fear of certain stimuli very quickly and automatically; hence, this type of learning is called prepared learning. In support of this idea of evolutionarily adaptive fears, researchers have shown that monkeys can be conditioned to fear snakes and crocodiles but not flowers and rabbits.
As researchers have tested this model, some have discovered that people can be initially conditioned to fear many different types of stimuli. Fears of most types of stimuli fade quickly with ongoing exposure, though, whereas fears of naturally dangerous stimuli are sustained in most studies.
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