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Frameshift mutation is the most common cause of multiple contiguous amino acid changes in protein molecules.
What is meant by frameshift mutation?
A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a DNA sequence loss or insertion that causes the sequence to be read in a different order.
A DNA sequence is a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides. DNA (or RNA) nucleotide sequences are read three nucleotides at a time in units called codons, with each codon corresponding to a specific amino acid or stop signal.
The sequence of codons from the nucleotide sequence is read during translation to synthesis a chain of amino acids and build a protein.
When the regular sequence of codons is disturbed by the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides, frameshift mutations occur, provided that the number of nucleotides added or deleted is not a multiple of three.
Therefore, frameshift mutations result in abnormal protein products with an incorrect amino acid sequence that can be either longer or shorter than the normal protein.
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