Ftec when the moisture in concrete converts to steam and expands, causing the concrete to break apart, it is called Spalling.
In this sense, "spalling" refers to concrete that has split and detached from the base. Spalling can occur due to a number of factors, including as freeze-thaw cycles, the Alkali Silica Reaction's expanding effects, or exposure to fire.
While spalling, which bears the appearance of pitted acne scars and flakes off, rebar may be exposed. These divots range in width and depth, although they can be over 5 inches thick and just under an inch deep.
Thus, it is Spalling.
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