The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of struvite stone formation kidney stones.
Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the best known urea-splitting bacteria. Infection and urinary stones resulting from urease-producing bacteria are composed by struvite. Bacterial urease splits urea and promotes the formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide leading to urine alkalinization and formation of phosphate salt.
Proteus mirabilis, a gram-negative bacterium associated with complicated urinary tract infections, produces a metalloenzyme urease which hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. E. coli is a non-urea splitting bacteria, was isolated most frequently from metabolic stones, urease positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were also isolated from many infection in UTI.
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