Light microscopists have long recognized that the physiological unit of muscle, the cell or fiber, contains repeating structures known as sarcomeres that are separated from each other by dark lines called Z disks.
Z-discs (also known as Z-disk, Z-line, or Z-band) are the smallest functional units in striated muscle that define the lateral borders of sarcomeres. Actin filaments from nearby sarcomeres that have been crosslinked by actinin molecules make up the center of a Z-disc.
Because of their significance for sarcomere mechanics, F-actin filaments, titin, and the nebulin/nebulette system immediately bind to the Z-disc, which has previously been thought to be only crucial for mechanical stability.
Actin, -actinin, and other proteins make up the dense fibrous structure known as the Z-band (or Z-disk). Actin filaments, which are thin filaments, are anchored at the Z-band on one end. The Z-band and the M-line are both where Titin is anchored. At the M-line, thick filaments are attached in the center of the sarcomere.
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