The substance I think is in the cylinder that you cannot see and prevents the plunger from going all the way in even when you push the plunger hard is Air.
When a person push on the plunger, the person can feel the air pushing it back. When a person has stop pushing, the air inside the syringe will tend to return to its normal size.
Note that there are a lot of ways to compress air. A person can do so by squeezing a specified volume of air into a smaller space.
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