Aristotle believed the earth was the centre of the solar system, with the sun, moon and planets 'orbiting' it on 'celestial spheres'.
In fact the idea Aristotle had was that this explained something about the nature of the universe. He noticed that when you push an object, it slows down and stops. Therefore he divided the universe into 'earth-like stuff' which preferred to remain stationary, and 'heavenly stuff' which preferred to be in motion. Newton showed this idea to be false when he effectively unified motion and being at rest - if you move at a constant velocity (like in a very large ship) you can't tell if you're moving at a constant velocity or whether you are at rest
