A closed system can have different velocities because momentum must be conserved.
From the principle of conservation of linear momentum, the total initial momentum of a system before is equal to the total final momentum after collision.
For example;
- let the initial velocity of the object = v₁
- let the final velocity of the object = v₂
The total initial momentum of the system is calculated as;
P₁ = mv₁
The total final momentum of the system is calculated as;
P₂ = mv₂
For a closed system (absence of external forces), momentum is always conserved;
P₁ = P₂
mv₁ = mv₂
Thus, a closed system can have different velocities because momentum must be conserved.
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