If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

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17-11-2016
Biology

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If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

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marianaegarciaperedo marianaegarciaperedo · Answer 1 · 2021-10-21T17:09:47+02:00

Germ cells of organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state suffer meiosis and produce haploid cells. They restore the diploid number in the organisms through fertilization and posterior mitosis events.

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There are two principal types of cells in organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state,

Somatic diploid cells (2n) that reproduce by the process of mitosis, becoming two daughter cells with the same genetic dotation.

Germ cells are diploid reproductive cells (2n) in charge of gamete production. They divide by mitosis and meiosis.

→ Through the process of mitosis, germ cells originate more sexual cells (2n).

→ Through the process of meiosis, they give place to four haploid cells with half of their genetic dotation (n) ⇒ gametes -sperm and egg cells- ⇒ gametogenesis.

Gametes´ destiny is to merge during fecundation, and a new diploid cell called zygote emerges through fertilization.

The zygote is a complete diploid cell and suffers successive mitosis to form the new organism.

• Meiosis produces four daughter haploid cells (n) from a diploid germ cell (2n). Each daughter cell is haploid because they have half the number of chromosomes of the original one.

• Mitosis produces two daughter diploid cells (2n) from a diploid somatic cell (2n). During mitosis, the whole cell first duplicates and then separates.

So, organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state have special cells -germ cells- that divide through meiosis producing haploid cells -gametes-.

These haploid cells merge during fertilization and produce a new diploid cell -the zygote- which restores the diploid number in the organisms.

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