Explanation:
A. When microchip used in smartphones become less costly to produce, the supply of smartphones are going to increase, causing a fall in equilibrium price and a rise in equilibrium quantity.
since one of the resources used to make smartphones has become cheaper, more smartphones would be produced, raising its supply, increased supply causes fall in price and rise in equilibrium quantity.
B. since the ALS bucket challenge went viral, supply and demand for research would increase, causing equilibrium price or opportunity cost to either rise or remain unchanged. the equilibrium quantity will then rise, fall or remain unchanged