Energy from the sun is transferred to Earth’s surface. Some of that energy is then transferred to the air above the surface. The closer a location is to the equator, the more energy it receives from the sun. Therefore, a location’s air temperature is affected by its distance from the equator. The amount of energy from the Sun does not change during El Niño years.
What else affects the air temperature of Christchurch?
The energy transmits from warmer substances to colder substances. Warmer air transmits energy to cooler currents whereas warmer currents transmit energy to cooler air. In normal years, a warm current passes by New Zealand and warms its air. Something may disturb this current during El Niño years.
Thus, In normal years, a warm current passes by New Zealand and warms its air.
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