Read the excerpt from Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique.

In the late fifties, a sociological phenomenon was suddenly remarked: a third of American women now worked, but most were no longer young and very few were pursuing careers. They were married women who held part-time jobs, selling or secretarial, to put their husbands through school, their sons through college, or to help pay the mortgage.

The key terms in the excerpt most contribute to which of the following ideas?