According to RAR chapter 11, mass incarceration has directly affected women differently from men in three distinct ways. Which of the following is one of those ways
a) Women are more likely than men to have been the primary caregivers prior to being incarcerated, meaning that their children are more directly affected.
b) Incarceration is a relatively new phenomenon for women, with rates rising dramatically in the context of the War on Drugs.
c) Nearly 80 percent of women prisoners had experienced some form of abuse in their lives, with a number in jail for retaliating against their abuser.
d) All the above