Fred, a psychotherapist, begins to see an 18-year-old male client, Troy, for major depressive disorder. Troy is still living with his parents. After a few weeks, Troy's parents demand to see a copy of his notes taken during their psychotherapy sessions. Under HIPAA, should Fred provide a copy of Troy's treatment record to the parents?
a) Yes, since Troy is a minor and his parents have the right to access his medical records.
b) No, because Troy is 18 years old and considered an adult under HIPAA, granting him privacy rights.
c) Yes, but only if Troy provides written consent for his parents to access his treatment records.
d) No, unless there is a serious threat to Troy's life or the safety of others, allowing disclosure without his consent.