As a part of the period of ________________ (terms), states that seceded during the civil war had to ratify these three amendments in order to rejoin the union. However, there was still a tremendous amount of racism. Many states passed ___________ (terms) laws and ________________ (terms) Codes to ensure that segregation was enforced in American society. While these laws were often challenged in court, in 1896 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal as long as separate spaces for blacks and whites were _________________ (terms). This case is commonly known as __________________ (terms); it reinforced segregation in America for many years to come.